New to Rust, surprised by runtime panic

I'm an experienced programmer but very new to Rust and am still learning where all the resources are for answering questions like this. I am working on a simple starter project to learn the basics, and came across a surprising runtime panic the compiler didn't catch. I'm wondering why, considering this 'index out of bounds' error looks so easy on the surface to verify at compile time. Am I just missing some compiler flags to add these warnings/errors?

fn index_out_of_bounds() {
    let array_of_one = [1];
    for i in 0..2 {
        println!("{}", array_of_one[i]);
    }
}